sábado, 29 de agosto de 2015

18 de septiembre: Maratón Nacional de Lectura


El 18 de septiembre de este año se llevará a cabo la 13ª Maratón Nacional de Lectura organizada, como todos los años, por la Fundación Leer. ¿En qué consiste? Ese día hay que dedicarle un momento a la lectura y compartirlo con la mayor cantidad de gente que puedas, sobre todo, con niños. El propósito es comunicar a la sociedad que leer es bueno para el presente y para el futuro de nuestros chicos. Este año el lema es Entre el libro y el lector, un camino de infinitas lecturas

Se puede participar con la familia o con una institución educativa. Antes hay que inscribirse y tengan en cuenta que entre los inscriptos se van a sortear Mochilas Lectoras para ser donadas a la escuela que elija cada ganador.

Formulario para inscribirse como familia: http://maraton.leer.org/familia/Inscripcion
Formulario para inscribir a la institución educativa: http://maraton.leer.org/Inscripcion

Para conocer más acerca de la Maratón y de las actividades que realiza la Fundación Leer, pueden consultar estos sitios:

Página de la Fundación Leer

Fundación Leer en Twitter


Fundación Leer en Facebook

sábado, 22 de agosto de 2015

Book tag: El TBR infinito


Hoy les traigo el book tag El TBR infinito que vi en el blog We Are in Wonderland. Consiste en elegir libros de nuestra lista de libros por leer (en inglés, To Be Read) que cumplan con ciertas características. Últimamente estoy comprando muchos libros, pero tengo muy poco tiempo libre para leer así que mi lista es enooooorme.

1- Un clásico
La abadía de Northanger
Jane Austen es una de mis escritoras preferidas. Este me lo compré este año junto con Mansfield Park. Todavía no lo leí.



2- El TBR más reciente
Lo que el viento se llevó (Margaret Mitchell)
Disculpen que me quedó torcido el libro, pero como pesa bastante se me complicó para escanearlo. Tiene más de mil páginas así que voy a leerlo en las vacaciones cuando tenga mucho tiempo libre.



3- Un libro que aún no terminas
Crónicas marcianas (Ray Bradbury)
Hace unos años lo empecé a leer pero lo dejé por falta de tiempo, no porque el libro me pareciera malo. Ray Bradbury es uno de mis escritores preferidos. Espero poder leerlo completo pronto.



4- Un TBR autoconclusivo
Vuelo nocturno (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry)
Hace varios años me compré este libro junto con El principito. El principito lo leí enseguida y este libro quedó abandonado en un estante. Me fijé la fecha de impresión y es de 1998. Pobrecito, tengo que leerlo alguna vez.



5- Un TBR de una saga o trilogía
Divergent (Veronica Roth)
Me lo compré hace poco porque gané Four en un sorteo y, para poder leerlo, tengo que leer primero la saga entera.



6- Un TBR que hayas recibido de regalo
Nick Adams (Ernest Hemingway)
Hace años que nadie me regala libros. Lo que pasa es que la gente que me rodea no es lectora así que a nadie se le pasa por la cabeza regalarme libros. Ya estaba por dejar vacío este punto cuando me acordé, que hace unos años, una señora me dio algunos libros usados y entre ellos estaba éste de Hemingway. Aunque es un escritor que me resulta interesante, el pobre libro quedó abandonado en un estante.



7- Un TBR de autor nacional
Tiempo de dragones (Liliana Bodoc)
Lo compré este año al poco tiempo que salió. Creo que el dragón es mi "bicho" mitológico preferido así que espero que la historia esté buena. Además, es el primer libro de Bodoc que compro.



8- Un TBR infantil
Las aventuras de Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain)
Cuando era chica leí Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer y me encantó. Ahora quiero releerlo y después seguir con este. Adoro a Mark Twain.



9- Un TBR en inglés
A Storm of Swords (George R. R. Martin)
Ya leí los dos primeros libros de la saga, ahora me toca este. Desde el año pasado que me lo quería comprar pero recién este año pude conseguirlo.



10- Un TBR de no ficción
Matemática... ¿estás ahí? Episodio 100 (Adrián Paenza)
No suelo leer libros de no ficción. ¡Aguante la ficción! Pero me acordé que hace unos años, me compré varios libros sobre curiosidades matemáticas de Adrián Paenza. El primero lo leí y me resultó interesante, por eso, después me compré los demás. Sin embargo, todavía no los leí.


No tengo tiempo de ponerme a buscar blogs para nominar así que si leen el book tag y les gusta, no duden en hacerlo.

viernes, 14 de agosto de 2015

Diccionarios y glosarios sobre informática


Como suelo hacer traducciones sobre informática, últimamente descubrí varios sitios útiles que les dejo a continuación. Mi preferido es el portal lingüístico de Microsoft. Cuando se busca una palabra aparece la traducción y la definición. Además nos informa cómo se localizó ese término en los productos de la empresa.

Portal lingüístico de Microsoft
http://www.microsoft.com/Language/es-es/default.aspx

Diccionario de informática inglés >> español  de Reverso
http://diccionario.reverso.net/informatica-ingles-espanol/

Diccionario de informática de Babylon
http://diccionario.babylon.com/informatica/

Glosario de informática inglés-español
http://es.tldp.org/ORCA/glosario.html

Glosario básico inglés-español para usuarios de internet (4ª edición) con vocabulario español-inglés (Rafael Fernández Calvo)
http://www.ati.es/novatica/glosario/glointv4.pdf

Diccionario técnico: Informática
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos-pdf4/diccionario-informatica-por-oliva/diccionario-informatica-por-oliva.pdf

GTI Glosario Terminología Informática
http://www.tugurium.com/gti/index.php

Glosario de Informática e Internet
http://www.internetglosario.com/

Glosario de términos informáticos
http://iesmonre.educa.aragon.es/dep/mates/webtic/glosario/

Diccionario de términos informáticos
http://www.educa.madrid.org/web/cp.sanmiguel.navalagamella/Enlaces%20para%20profesorado/Glosario.pdf

Diccionario informático
http://www.lawebdelprogramador.com/diccionario/

El glosario informático de internet
http://www.mallorcaweb.net/mostel/glosario.htm

Diccionario de informática
http://www.alegsa.com.ar/Diccionario/diccionario.php



URL de la imagen: https://pixabay.com/es/equipo-computadora-ordenadores-338968/

viernes, 7 de agosto de 2015

Cuento del mes: The Tell-Tale Heart (Edgar Allan Poe)



Este mes elegí el cuento El corazón delator de Edgar Allan Poe, uno de mis escritores preferidos. The Tell-Tale Heart fue publicado por primera vez en el periódico literario The Pioneer en enero de 1843. Seguramente el título les hará recordar la canción del grupo Soda Stereo, Corazón delator. Según leí en Wikipedia, Gustavo Cerati se inspiró en este cuento para escribir la canción:

"Es el tema que más se emparenta con Signos, y es el más romántico del álbum también. La historia parte de un cuento de Allan Poe, donde un corazón delata a una persona que mató a otra. En este caso la escribí pensando en que mi corazón me delata cuando veo a la persona que amo."




Les dejo el enlace a una traducción al español realizada, nada más y nada menos, que por Julio Cortázar: http://www.ciudadseva.com/textos/cuentos/ing/poe/el_corazon_delator.htm

THE TELL-TALE HEART

TRUE! --nervous --very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses --not destroyed --not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily --how calmly I can tell you the whole story.

It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture --a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees --very gradually --I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.

Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded --with what caution --with what foresight --with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it --oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly --very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! would a madman have been so wise as this, And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously --cautiously (for the hinges creaked) --I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights --every night just at midnight --but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber, and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he has passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.

Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers --of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back --but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness, (for the shutters were close fastened, through fear of robbers,) and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.

I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out --"Who's there?"

I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour I did not move a muscle, and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in the bed listening; --just as I have done, night after night, hearkening to the death watches in the wall.

Presently I heard a slight groan, and I knew it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain or of grief --oh, no! --it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe. I knew the sound well. Many a night, just at midnight, when all the world slept, it has welled up from my own bosom, deepening, with its dreadful echo, the terrors that distracted me. I say I knew it well. I knew what the old man felt, and pitied him, although I chuckled at heart. I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise, when he had turned in the bed. His fears had been ever since growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless, but could not. He had been saying to himself --"It is nothing but the wind in the chimney --it is only a mouse crossing the floor," or "It is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp." Yes, he had been trying to comfort himself with these suppositions: but he had found all in vain. All in vain; because Death, in approaching him had stalked with his black shadow before him, and enveloped the victim. And it was the mournful influence of the unperceived shadow that caused him to feel --although he neither saw nor heard --to feel the presence of my head within the room.

When I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a little --a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it --you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily --until, at length a simple dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye.

It was open --wide, wide open --and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. I saw it with perfect distinctness --all a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones; but I could see nothing else of the old man's face or person: for I had directed the ray as if by instinct, precisely upon the damned spot.

And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the sense? --now, I say, there came to my ears a low, dull, quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I knew that sound well, too. It was the beating of the old man's heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.

But even yet I refrained and kept still. I scarcely breathed. I held the lantern motionless. I tried how steadily I could maintain the ray upon the eve. Meantime the hellish tattoo of the heart increased. It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant. The old man's terror must have been extreme! It grew louder, I say, louder every moment! --do you mark me well I have told you that I am nervous: so I am. And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror. Yet, for some minutes longer I refrained and stood still. But the beating grew louder, louder! I thought the heart must burst. And now a new anxiety seized me --the sound would be heard by a neighbour! The old man's hour had come! With a loud yell, I threw open the lantern and leaped into the room. He shrieked once --once only. In an instant I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him. I then smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done. But, for many minutes, the heart beat on with a muffled sound. This, however, did not vex me; it would not be heard through the wall. At length it ceased. The old man was dead. I removed the bed and examined the corpse. Yes, he was stone, stone dead. I placed my hand upon the heart and held it there many minutes. There was no pulsation. He was stone dead. His eve would trouble me no more.

If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned, and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs.

I then took up three planks from the flooring of the chamber, and deposited all between the scantlings. I then replaced the boards so cleverly, so cunningly, that no human eye --not even his --could have detected any thing wrong. There was nothing to wash out --no stain of any kind --no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all --ha! ha!

When I had made an end of these labors, it was four o'clock --still dark as midnight. As the bell sounded the hour, there came a knocking at the street door. I went down to open it with a light heart, --for what had I now to fear? There entered three men, who introduced themselves, with perfect suavity, as officers of the police. A shriek had been heard by a neighbour during the night; suspicion of foul play had been aroused; information had been lodged at the police office, and they (the officers) had been deputed to search the premises.

I smiled, --for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream. The old man, I mentioned, was absent in the country. I took my visitors all over the house. I bade them search --search well. I led them, at length, to his chamber. I showed them his treasures, secure, undisturbed. In the enthusiasm of my confidence, I brought chairs into the room, and desired them here to rest from their fatigues, while I myself, in the wild audacity of my perfect triumph, placed my own seat upon the very spot beneath which reposed the corpse of the victim.

The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They sat, and while I answered cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears: but still they sat and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct: --It continued and became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definiteness --until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears.

No doubt I now grew very pale; --but I talked more fluently, and with a heightened voice. Yet the sound increased --and what could I do? It was a low, dull, quick sound --much such a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I gasped for breath --and yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly --more vehemently; but the noise steadily increased. I arose and argued about trifles, in a high key and with violent gesticulations; but the noise steadily increased. Why would they not be gone? I paced the floor to and fro with heavy strides, as if excited to fury by the observations of the men --but the noise steadily increased. Oh God! what could I do? I foamed --I raved --I swore! I swung the chair upon which I had been sitting, and grated it upon the boards, but the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder --louder --louder! And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! --no, no! They heard! --they suspected! --they knew! --they were making a mockery of my horror!-this I thought, and this I think. But anything was better than this agony! Anything was more tolerable than this derision! I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! and now --again! --hark! louder! louder! louder! louder!

"Villains!" I shrieked, "dissemble no more! I admit the deed! --tear up the planks! here, here! --It is the beating of his hideous heart!"

Fuente: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/POE/telltale.html

Por último, les dejo este corto basado en el cuento (está en inglés).

viernes, 31 de julio de 2015

Book tag: Los siete pecados capitales de leer


Hoy les traigo un book tag. Me nominó Mary Anne de We Are in Winterland y se llama Los 7 pecados capitales de leer. Acá van mis respuestas.

AVARICIA
¿Cuál es tu libro más caro? ¿Y el más barato?
No soy de comprar ediciones caras. Me fijé el precio de los libros que compré este año y vi que el más caro fue El caballero de los siete reinos de George R. R. Martin. No recuerdo el precio exacto pero creo que me costó alrededor de ARS 250. El más barato fue Catch-22 de Joseph Heller que me salió ARS 5 porque lo compré en una librería de usados.

 


IRA
¿Con qué autor mantenés una relación de amor-odio?
No mantengo una relación amor-odio con ningún autor pero voy a elegir a Stephenie Meyer porque suelo criticarle algunas cositas de la saga Crepúsculo. Leí la saga completa. En Goodreads, le puse dos estrellas al primer y al último libro, y tres estrellas al segundo y al tercero. Crepúsculo me resultó lento, aburrido, me pareció que había capítulos donde no pasaba nada. Con respecto a los personajes, Edward me resultaba muy deprimente y Bella, muy insulsa y gris. Sin embargo, seguí leyendo. A partir de la segunda mitad de Luna nueva me enganché por fin con la historia porque empezó a haber acción y a crecer el personaje de Jacob (mi preferido). Eclipse me gustó bastante (salvo el final, claro) y me pareció el mejor libro de la saga. Amanecer me pareció muy largo. Esperaba más acción, una batalla donde se enfrentaran varios vampiros, pero al final no pasó nada importante. Otra cosa que no me gustó es que desde el primer libro ya sabemos que Bella se va a quedar con Edward. Me gusta más cuando hay un triángulo amoroso que recién se resuelve en el final. A pesar de todo, creo que la saga sirvió para que varios adolescentes comenzaran a leer y eso es bueno. Me gustaría leer La huésped, dicen que es mejor que la saga Crepúsculo.

 


GULA
¿Qué libro devorás una y otra vez?
El libro que más releí en mi vida es La invención de Morel, de Adolfo Bioy Casares. Lo leí por primera vez a los 17 años, cuando estaba terminando la secundaria y fue mi puerta de entrada a la literatura fantástica.



PEREZA
¿Qué libro no leíste por pereza?
Tengo que confesar que una vez comencé a leer Los miserables y lo abandoné enseguida. Me resultó muy triste y, encima, el libro es bastante largo. A lo mejor, el año que viene me animo y lo leo. Ahora estoy en una etapa en la que no abandono los libros por más que no me gusten. Tengo una edición en dos tomos, muy antigua, que perteneció a mi papá. Él amaba a este libro, lo releyó varias veces.



ORGULLO
¿De qué libro hablás para parecer intelectual?
Cuando hablo con gente que no lee o que solo lee bestsellers, y digo que uno de mis escritores preferido es Borges, ponen caran de guauuuuuu. Y me dicen que ellos no lo leen porque es muy difícil. Yo no creo que sea tan así. Es verdad que algunas de sus obras requieren ciertos conocimientos para entender las referencias, pero otras son muy accesibles y no es necesario ser licenciado en letras para comprenderlas. El año pasado hice una lista de los cuentos de Borges que más me gustan. La dejo aquí y espero que alguna vez los lean. Dos de los libros escritos por Borges que más me gustan son Ficciones y El aleph.



LUJURIA
¿Qué encontrás atractivo en un personaje masculino o femenino?
Primero y principal, me gustan los personajes originales. Me aburren los personajes estereotipados y llenos de clichés. Me gustan los personajes complejos, esos donde no se sabe bien si son buenos o malos. Con respecto a los personajes masculinos, prefiero los que son aventureros, respetan a las mujeres y no las manipulan. En el caso de los personajes femeninos me gusta cuando se arriesgan a los cambios y tienen iniciativa propia.

ENVIDIA
¿Qué libro te gustaría recibir como regalo?
Me gustaría que me regalaran A Dance with Dragons, el último libro publicado hasta ahora de la saga Canción de hielo y fuego de George R. R. Martin. Tengo los cuatro primeros en inglés y este año me compré la precuela en castellano (el que figura en Avaricia como el libro más caro que compré este año). Leí el primero (clic aquí para leer la reseña) y el segundo (clic aquí para leer la reseña). Todavía tengo pendientes el tercero, el cuarto y la precuela. Mi lista de libros comprados pero no leídos es enorme. Otro libro que me gustaría que me regalaran es Go Set a Watchman, de Harper Lee. Lo publicaron en inglés este mes. Se trata de una especie de secuela de To Kill a Mockingbird. Lee lo escribió antes pero nunca se publicó hasta ahora.

 


Blogs a los que nomino

La loca de los libros
Little Miss Anah
Quimera entre líneas

URL de las imágenes

"Stephenie Meyer by Gage Skidmore" by Gage Skidmore. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/photo/24817626-go-set-a-watchman
https://www.goodreads.com/book/photo/13087982-a-dance-with-dragons

viernes, 24 de julio de 2015

Un test para los amantes de los idiomas

Me encontré con este test en Facebook en la página de Grammarly y lo hice. Me salió que soy una "Language Olympian". Háganlo y después me dicen el resultado que les dio.





viernes, 17 de julio de 2015

Poema del mes: El viejo libro (Emilia Bertolé)



Desde que empecé con las secciones Poema del mes y Cuento del mes siempre había elegido obras en inglés, pero esta vez decidí publicar un poema escrito por una escritora santafesina no tan recordada hoy en día. Se trata de El viejo libro, un poema de Emilia Bertolé que forma parte del libro Espejo en sombra (1927). ¿Cómo conocí el poema? Fue de una forma especial, se podría decir que de casualidad. Hace más de veinte años, mi profesora particular de inglés me dio varios libros viejos de lengua y matemática que me vinieron bien porque en ese momento cursaba la escuela secundaria (en la década del noventa internet estaba en pañales y todavía los alumnos necesitaban recurrir a los libros para hacer la tarea). Uno de los libros que me dio fue Castellano 2 de Ofelia Kovacci y cuando me puse a hojearlo descubrí, que en la última hoja del libro, mi profe había copiado esta poesía de Emilia Bertolé.

El viejo libro

La lluvia, el viejo libro y tu recuerdo,
oh amigo, me han llenado de tristeza.

Se diría que en estas claras páginas
que están como impregnadas de tu ausencia,
vive un poco de tu alma, de tus ojos,
de tu sonrisa entre viril y tierna.
Y pienso que este libro, amigo mío,
es el único lazo que en la tierra
une mi vida frágil a la tuya
silenciosa y serena.

Lentamente he cerrado el viejo libro
y el alma toda se me ha vuelto niebla.

¿Por qué habrá copiado este poema la profe? ¿Estaba relacionado con alguna experiencia personal? Nunca se lo pregunté. Pero gracias a ella pude acceder a la obra de Emilia Bertolé, de quien, hasta ese momento, solo sabía que había sido un pintora reconocida y que había vivido en mi barrio, Echesortu, en Rosario. Recuerdo cuando era chica y salía a caminar por el barrio con mis padres. Solíamos caminar por la calle Córdoba y, a la altura del 3900, había una placa en el frente de una casa, que informaba que allí había vivido Bertolé. Unos años más tarde quitaron la placa y, hoy en día, solo los memoriosos saben que ella vivió allí. 

Según Wikipedia, Emilia Bertolé nació en El Trébol, en 1896, y falleció en Rosario, en 1949. En 1905, su familia se instaló en Rosario y a los doce años ganó la medalla de oro en un concurso presidido por la artista Lola Mora. Más conocida por su faceta de pintora, Bertolé también vivió en Buenos Aires, donde realizó retratos (pintó al presidente Hipólito Yrigoyen) y colaboró en la revista El Hogar. Fue amiga de escritores famosos, como Horacio Quiroga y Alfonsina Storni (voy a escribir sobre ella más adelante). Federico García Lorca dijo de Bertolé: "...Es más que una mujer. Es el Arte".

Mientras buscaba material sobre Bertolé me encontré con este programa donde repasan su vida y su obra (en especial, su labor como pintora). Los invito a ver los dos bloques del programa si quieren saber más acerca de esta escritora y pintora santafesina.






viernes, 10 de julio de 2015

Curiosidades acerca de la traducción de Los juegos del hambre

Luego de terminar de leer la trilogía de Los juegos del hambre en inglés, me puse a buscar información acerca de su traducción al español. Me interesaba saber qué dificultades se le habían presentado al traductor. Así fue que llegué hasta un artículo de La Linterna del Traductor, publicación de Asetrad (Asociación Española de Traductores, Correctores e Intérpretes). En ese artículo podemos leer una entrevista a Pilar Ramírez Tello, la traductora que tradujo los tres libros de la trilogía, y a Eva Garcés Rebollo, la traductora encargada de traducir los diálogos de la versión doblada al español (de España) de la primera película. Uno de los aspectos que más me interesó fue cómo se tradujeron algunos neologismos inventados por la escritora Suzanne Collins.

Jabberjay = Charlajo

Ilustraciones de charlajos
¿Qué tipo de ave es un jabberjay? La Wiki de Los juegos del hambre los define como "un tipo de aves masculinas creadas en los laboratorios del Capitolio para espiar enemigos y rebeldes. Los charlajos tenían la habilidad de memorizar y repetir conversaciones enteras, y eran usados para extraer palabras e información de los rebeldes." Jabber en inglés significa farfullar, parlotear, charlotear mientras que jay es el término que se usa en inglés para designar al arrendajo. Lo que hizo la traductora fue tratar de imitar el mismo proceso de formación de palabras que realizó la escritora. Eligió charla para la primera parte de la palabra y jo, las últimas dos letras de arrendajo, para el final.

arrendajo o gayo

Mockingjay = Sinsajo


La Wiki de Los juegos del hambre nos cuenta que "los rebeldes se dieron cuenta de la presencia de los charlajos, y lo que ellos podían hacer por lo que los usaron en contra del Capitolio haciendo que estos memorizaran conversaciones y tácticas rebeldes totalmente falsas, confundiendo al Capitolio; cuando el Capitolio se dio cuenta de esto, dejó a los charlajos a su suerte pensando que morirían pero estos se aparearon con las sinsontes hembra creando los sinsajos, los cuales aunque perdieron la capacidad de reproducir palabras humanas, aún pueden imitar melodías humanas y de otros animales."

Mockingjay está formado por mocking, la primera parte de mockingbird (sinsonte en inglés) y jay, la parte final de jabberjay (charlajo). De vuelta, la traductora siguió el mismo proceso que Collins para llegar a la traducción. Tomó sins de sinsonte y le agregó ajo de charlajo. Esta traducción fue muy importante porque además de ser un tipo de pájaro que es nombrado durante toda la trilogía, también es el título del último libro.

sinsonte

Foxface = Comadreja

Comadreja (Jacqueline Emerson)
Foxface es el apodo que le da Katniss al tributo femenino del Distrito 5 en los 74º Juegos del hambre. La traducción literal sería cara de zorro y tiene que ver con ciertas características del personaje. Foxface es astuta y escurridiza como un zorro y su plan para sobrevivir durante los Juegos del hambre es tratar de pasar desapercibida. Al tratarse de una mujer, Foxface se tendría que haber llamado Cara de zorra en castellano. Pero aquí se nos presenta un problema. Mientras que a un hombre astuto lo podemos comparar con un zorro, si decimos que una mujer es una zorra no estamos diciendo que es astuta sino que es una prostituta. Por eso, la traductora buscó otro animal que se pudiera relacionar con la astucia y encontró a la comadreja, que además es un sustantivo femenino.

comadreja

URL de las imágenes

Imagen del arrendajo: «Garrulus glandarius 1 Luc Viatour» por I, Luc Viatour. Disponible bajo la licencia CC BY-SA 3.0 vía Wikimedia Commons.

Imagen del sinsonte: «Mimus polyglottos1» por Ryan Hagerty - This image originates from the National Digital Library of the United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceEsta etiqueta no indica el estado de copyright del trabajo adjunto. Es necesario una etiqueta normal de copyright. Para más información vea Sobre las licencias.See Category:Images from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.. Disponible bajo la licencia Dominio público vía Wikimedia Commons.

Imagen de la comdreja: «Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4» por Keven Law - originally posted to Flickr as On the lookout.... Disponible bajo la licencia CC BY-SA 2.0 vía Wikimedia Commons.

Tapa de Mockingjay: https://www.goodreads.com/book/photo/7260188-mockingjay

Resto de las imágenes: http://los-juegos-del-hambre.wikia.com/wiki/Wiki_The_Hunger_Games

martes, 30 de junio de 2015

Reseña: Mockingjay (The Hunger Games, # 3)

Advertencia: esta reseña contiene algunos spoilers.

Como les conté en la entrada anterior, después de leer Catching Fire, seguí con Mockingjay, el final de la trilogía de Los juegos del hambre. Este libro narra la guerra civil que se desata dentro de Panem entre el Capitolio y los demás distritos, liderados por el número 13. El distrito 13 era una especie de fantasma en los otros dos libros de la saga. De alguna forma estaba presente porque siempre se lo nombraba. Gracias a Mockingjay, nos enteramos de que efectivamente existe y conocemos sus características, y cómo se vive en este lugar, bajo el mando de la presidenta Coin. Somos testigos de cómo los rebeldes utilizan a Katniss para lograr sus objetivos, pero surgen interrogantes: ¿realmente la quieren? o cuando ya no les sirva, ¿intentarán deshacerse de ella?

Este libro es mucho más crudo que los otros dos y hay mucha violencia. Mueren muchos personajes, pero permítanme que les de un spoiler: sobrevive el gato Buttercup que, como buen gato que es, tiene un montón de vidas. Cuando veo películas o leo libros y se muere un personaje no suelo llorar salvo que se trate de un animal. Así que me preocupé cuando veía tantas muertes, pero respiré aliviada cuando leí que el gato sobrevivió. Creo que está bien que este último libro sea tan crudo porque le da más realismo a la historia. Hay que tener en cuenta que en todas las guerras siempre muere gente inocente.

Como en los libros anteriores, la historia es narrada por Katniss en primera persona y en tiempo presente, lo que hace que el lector no sepa más que ella. Esto mantiene enchufado al lector, que va avanzando en la historia a la par de los personajes. Katniss sufre mucho en este libro, tanto física como psicológicamente. Al final de Mockingjay se resuelve el triángulo amoroso Katniss-Peeta-Gale (de la forma que yo quería, por suerte).

Una cosa interesante y que me hizo pensar mucho fue cómo se muestra la manipulación de los medios que realizan ambos bandos. La guerra no es solo militar sino también mediática. Hoy en día, se le da mucha importancia a los medios en todo el mundo y en todos los aspectos de la vida, no solo en la política. La imagen es todo. Creo que la escritora quiso criticar esto y lo logró. En resumen, me pareció un muy buen final de saga y no me defraudó para nada.

Después de ver la película y leer el libro, se me pegó la canción The Hanging Tree (El árbol del ahorcado).


Trailer de la última película


URL de la imagen: https://www.goodreads.com/book/photo/7260188-mockingjay

domingo, 21 de junio de 2015

Reseña: Catching Fire (The Hunger Games, # 2)

Advertencia: esta reseña contiene algunos spoilers.

Hace dos años leí el primer libro de la saga distópica juvenil The Hunger Games (acá pueden leer la reseña) y me enganché con la historia. Siempre quise saber como seguía la vida de varios personajes, pero recién este año pude conseguir el segundo libro.

Catching Fire (En llamas) nos cuenta que fue de la vida de Katniss y Peeta luego de que ganaron los Juegos del hambre. Al principio de la novela nos enteramos que Katniss y Peeta viven con sus familias en unas casas con muchas comodidades, especialmente construidas para los ganadores de los Juegos. Allí es donde Katniss recibe una visita sorpresa del presidente Snow. Este capítulo es uno de los más interesantes del libro. Más adelante, cuando se acercan los 75º Juegos del hambre nos enteramos de que esta vez los tributos se elegirán entre los ganadores, lo que hace que Katniss y Peeta deban volver a la arena.

En llamas es diferente al primer libro de la saga, es un libro de transición, en el que se ve más la parte política de la historia. Se observa como va creciendo la llama que va a encender la revolución.

El libro es más adulto y se nota que los personajes maduraron. Prim es uno de los personajes que más creció, ya no es una niñita inocente. Con respecto a otros personajes, Effie, Haymitch y Cinna vuelven a aparecer en este libro y siguen estando entre mis preferidos. Hay muchos personajes nuevos, entre los que se destacan Finnick, Johanna y Plutarch. Éste último es el que más me sorprendió.

Al igual que el primer libro de la saga, esta novela está escrita en primera persona y narrada por Katniss. Se lee rápido y una cosa que tengo que destacar son los finales de los capítulos. Siempre terminan con algún suceso que te mantiene enganchada en la trama y te hace seguir leyendo. El final del libro es muy, pero muy sorpresivo. Por suerte, ya me había comprado Mockingjay (Sinsajo) y ni bien terminé de leer Catching Fire, seguí con el último libro de la saga. Luego de leer En llamas, confirmé lo que sospechaba: The Hunger Games es algo más que una saga para adolescentes, puede ser disfrutada por gente de todas las edades.

Próxima entrada del blog: reseña de Mockingjay (Sinsajo)


URL de la imagen: https://www.goodreads.com/book/photo/6148028-catching-fire

viernes, 5 de junio de 2015

Cuento del mes: A Municipal Report (O. Henry)


El cuento de este mes es uno de mis preferidos y estoy segura de que no será ni el primero ni el último de O. Henry, uno de mis escritores de cabecera. O. Henry es el seudónimo de William Sidney Porter, un escritor estadounidense famoso por sus cuentos con finales sorprendentes. Cómo serán de sorpresivos los finales de sus cuentos, que en inglés existe la frase "O. Henry Ending" para designar a un final sorpresivo e ingenioso.

O. Henry (1862-1910)
Este cuento me gusta por muchas razones. En primer lugar, me gusta como O. Henry desafía a Frank Norris y logra construir una historia atrapante donde los personajes son personas comunes y corrientes, y el escenario es una ciudad que no parece ser muy popular que digamos. En segundo lugar, me parece genial como dos elementos tan comunes e "inofensivos", como un billete y un botón, se transforman en piezas claves del rompecabezas de una historia policial. En tercer lugar, me gusta como O. Henry utiliza el color local para caracterizar a los personajes, sobre todo en el caso de Uncle Caesar. Además, el escritor nos pinta de manera excelente una época de la historia estadounidense: la etapa posterior a la guerra civil. Por último, el final sorpresivo tan típico de los cuentos de O. Henry no defrauda.

Mientras buscaba el cuento en internet, encontré un análisis muy interesante (http://www.enotes.com/topics/municipal-report). Allí me enteré que mucha gente considera a este cuento como la obra maestra de O. Henry y, según una encuesta realizada en 1914, el mejor cuento estadounidense.

A continuación, les dejo el enlace a una traducción al español para que aquellos que no saben inglés puedan disfrutar del cuento: http://www.cuentosinfin.com/un-informe-municipal/

A Municipal Report


The cities are full of pride,
    Challenging each to each—
This from her mountainside,
    That from her burthened beach.
                                           R. Kipling.

Fancy a novel about Chicago or Buffalo, let us say, or Nashville, Tennessee! There are just three big cities in the United States that are "story cities" - New York, of course, New Orleans, and, best of the lot, San Francisco.
Frank Norris


East is East, and West is San Francisco, according to Californians. Californians are a race of people; they are not merely inhabitants of a State. They are the Southerners of the West. Now, Chicagoans are no less loyal to their city; but when you ask them why, they stammer and speak of lake fish and the new Odd Fellows Building. But Californians go into detail.

     Of course they have, in the climate, an argument that is good for half an hour while you are thinking of your coal bills and heavy underwear. But as soon as they come to mistake your silence for conviction, madness comes upon them, and they picture the city of the Golden Gate as the Bagdad of the New World. So far, as a matter of opinion, no refutation is necessary. But, dear cousins all (from Adam and Eve descended), it is a rash one who will lay his finger on the map and say: "In this town there can be no romance - what could happen here?" Yes, it is a bold and a rash deed to challenge in one sentence history, romance, and Rand and McNally.

     NASHVILLE - A city, port of delivery, and the capital of the State of Tennessee, is on the Cumberland River and on the N. C. & St. L. and the L. & N. railroads. This city is regarded as the most important educational centre in the South.

     I stepped off the train at 8 P.M. Having searched the thesaurus in vain for adjectives, I must, as a substitution, hie me to comparison in the form of a recipe.

     Take a London fog 30 parts; malaria 10 parts; gas leaks 20 parts; dewdrops gathered in a brick yard at sunrise, 25 parts; odor of honeysuckle 15 parts. Mix.

     The mixture will give you an approximate conception of a Nashville drizzle. It is not so fragrant as a moth-ball nor as thick as pea-soup; but 'tis enough - 'twill serve.

     I went to a hotel in a tumbril. It required strong self-suppression for me to keep from climbing to the top of it and giving an imitation of Sidney Carton. The vehicle was drawn by beasts of a bygone era and driven by something dark and emancipated.

     I was sleepy and tired, so when I got to the hotel I hurriedly paid it the fifty cents it demanded (with approximate lagniappe, I assure you). I knew its habits; and I did not want to hear it prate about its old "marster" or anything that happened "befo' de wah."

     The hotel was one of the kind described as 'renovated." That means $20,000 worth of new marble pillars, tiling, electric lights and brass cuspidors in the lobby, and a new L. & N. time table and a lithograph of Lookout Mountain in each one of the great rooms above. The management was without reproach, the attention full of exquisite Southern courtesy, the service as slow as the progress of a snail and as good-humored as Rip Van Winkle. The food was worth traveling a thousand miles for. There is no other hotel in the world where you can get such chicken livers en brochette.

     At dinner I asked a Negro waiter if there was anything doing in town. He pondered gravely for a minute, and then replied: "Well, boss, I don't really reckon there's anything at all doin' after sundown."

     Sundown had been accomplished; it had been drowned in the drizzle long before. So that spectacle was denied me. But I went forth upon the streets in the drizzle to see what might be there.

     It is built on undulating grounds; and the streets are lighted by electricity at a cost of $32,470 per annum.

     As I left the hotel there was a race riot. Down upon me charged a company of freedmen, or Arabs, or Zulus, armed with - no, I saw with relief that they were not rifles, but whips. And I saw dimly a caravan of black, clumsy vehicles; and at the reassuring shouts, "Kyar you anywhere in the town, boss, fuh fifty cents," I reasoned that I was merely a "fare" instead of a victim.

     I walked through long streets, all leading uphill. I wondered how those streets ever came down again. Perhaps they didn't until they were "graded." On a few of the "main streets" I saw lights in stores here and there; saw street cars go by conveying worthy burghers hither and yon; saw people pass engaged in the art of conversation, and heard a burst of semi-lively laughter issuing from a soda-water and ice-cream parlor. The streets other than "main" seemed to have enticed upon their borders houses consecrated to peace and domesticity. In many of them lights shone behind discreetly drawn window shades; in a few pianos tinkled orderly and irreproachable music. There was, indeed, little "doing." I wished I had come before sundown. So I returned to my hotel.

     In November, 1864, the Confederate General Hood advanced against Nashville, where he shut up a National force under General Thomas. The latter then sallied forth and defeated the Confederates in a terrible conflict.

     All my life I have heard of, admired, and witnessed the fine marksmanship of the South in its peaceful conflicts in the tobacco-chewing regions. But in my hotel a surprise awaited me. There were twelve bright, new, imposing, capacious brass cuspidors in the great lobby, tall enough to be called urns and so wide-mouthed that the crack pitcher of a lady baseball team should have been able to throw a ball into one of them at five paces distant. But, although a terrible battle had raged and was still raging, the enemy had not suffered. Bright, new, imposing, capacious, untouched, they stood. But, shades of Jefferson Brick! the tile floor - the beautiful tile floor! I could not avoid thinking of the battle of Nashville, and trying to draw, as is my foolish habit, some deductions about hereditary marksmanship.

     Here I first saw Major (by misplaced courtesy) Wentworth Caswell. I knew him for a type the moment my eyes suffered from the sight of him. A rat has no geographical habitat. My old friend, A. Tennyson, said, as he so well said almost everything:

     Prophet, curse me the blabbing lip, And curse me the British vermin, the rat.

     Let us regard the word "British" as interchangeable ad lib. A rat is a rat.

     This man was hunting about the hotel lobby like a starved dog that had forgotten where he had buried a bone. He had a face of great acreage, red, pulpy, and with a kind of sleepy massiveness like that of Buddha. He possessed one single virtue - he was very smoothly shaven. The mark of the beast is not indelible upon a man until he goes about with a stubble. I think that if he had not used his razor that day I would have repulsed his advances, and the criminal calendar of the world would have been spared the addition of one murder.

     I happened to be standing within five feet of a cuspidor when Major Caswell opened fire upon it. I had been observant enough to percieve that the attacking force was using Gatlings instead of squirrel rifles; so I side-stepped so promptly that the major seized the opportunity to apologize to a noncombatant. He had the blabbing lip. In four minutes he had become my friend and had dragged me to the bar.

     I desire to interpolate here that I am a Southerner. But I am not one by profession or trade. I eschew the string tie, the slouch hat, the Prince Albert, the number of bales of cotton destroyed by Sherman, and plug chewing. When the orchestra plays Dixie I do not cheer. I slide a little lower on the leather-cornered seat and, well, order another W"urzburger and wish that Longstreet had - but what's the use?

     Major Caswell banged the bar with his fist, and the first gun at Fort Sumter re-echoed. When he fired the last one at Appomattox I began to hope. But then he began on family trees, and demonstrated that Adam was only a third cousin of a collateral branch of the Caswell family. Genealogy disposed of, he took up, to my distaste, his private family matters. He spoke of his wife, traced her descent back to Eve, and profanely denied any possible rumor that she may have had relations in the land of Nod.

     By this time I was beginning to suspect that he was trying to obscure by noise the fact that he had ordered the drinks, on the chance that I would be bewildered into paying for them. But when they were down he crashed a silver dollar loudly upon the bar. Then, of course, another serving was obligatory. And when I had paid for that I took leave of him brusquely; for I wanted no more of him. But before I had obtained my release he had prated loudly of an income that his wife received, and showed a handful of silver money.

     When I got my key at the desk the clerk said to me courteously: "If that man Caswell has annoyed you, and if you would like to make a complaint, we will have him ejected. He is a nuisance, a loafer, and without any known means of support, although he seems to have some money most the time. But we don't seem to be able to hit upon any means of throwing him out legally."

     "Why, no," said I, after some reflection; "I don't see my way clear to making a complaint. But I would like to place myself on record as asserting that I do not care for his company. Your town," I continued, "seems to be a quiet one. What manner of entertainment, adventure, or excitement have you to offer to the stranger within your gates?"

     "Well, sir," said the clerk, "there will be a show here next Thursday. It is - I'll look it up and have the announcement sent up to your room with the ice water. Good night."

     After I went up to my room I looked out the window. It was only about ten o'clock, but I looked upon a silent town. The drizzle continued, spangled with dim lights, as far apart as currants in a cake sold at the Ladies' Exchange.

     "A quiet place," I said to myself, as my first shoe struck the ceiling of the occupant of the room beneath mine. "Nothing of the life here that gives color and variety to the cities in the East and West. Just a good, ordinary, humdrum, business town."

     Nashville occupies a foremost place among the manufacturing centres of the country. It is the fifth boot and shoe market in the United States, the largest candy and cracker manufacturing city in the South, and does an enormous wholesale drygoods, grocery, and drug business.

     I must tell you how I came to be in Nashville, and I assure you the digression brings as much tedium to me as it does to you. I was traveling elsewhere on my own business, but I had a commission from a Northern literary magazine to stop over there and establish a personal connection between the publication and one of its contributors, Azalea Adair.

     Adair (there was no clue to the personality except the handwriting) had sent in some essays (lost art!) and poems that had made the editors swear approvingly over their one o'clock luncheon. So they had commissioned me to round up said Adair and corner by contract his or her output at two cents a word before some other publisher offered her ten or twenty.

     At nine o'clock the next morning, after my chicken livers en brochette (try them if you can find that hotel), I strayed out into the drizzle, which was still on for an unlimited run. At the first corner, I came upon Uncle Caesar. He was a stalwart Negro, older than the pyramids, with gray wool and a face that reminded me of Brutus, and a second afterwards of the late King Cettiwayo. He wore the most remarkable coat that I ever had seen or expect to see. It reached to his ankles an had once been a Confederate gray in colors. But rain and sun and age had so variegated it that Joseph's coat, beside it, would have faded to a pale monochrome. I must linger with that coat, for it has to do with the story - the story that is so long in coming, because you can hardly expect anything to happen in Nashville.

     Once it must have been the military coat of an officer. The cape of it had vanished, but all adown its front it had been frogged and tasseled magnificently. But now the frogs and tassles were gone. In their stead had been patiently stitched (I surmised by some surviving "black mammy") new frogs made of cunningly twisted common hempen twine. This twine was frayed and disheveled. It must have been added to the coat as a substitute for vanished splendors, with tasteless but painstaking devotion, for it followed faithfully the curves of the long-missing frogs. And, to complete the comedy and pathos of the garment, all its buttons were gone save one. The second button from the top alone remained. The coat was fastened by other twine strings tied through the buttonholes and other holes rudely pierced in the opposite side. There was never such a weird garment so fantastically bedecked and of so many mottled hues. The lone button was the size of a half-dollar, made of yellow horn and sewed on with coarse twine.

     This Negro stood by a carriage so old that Ham himself might have started a hack line with it after he left the ark with the two animals hitched to it. As I approached he threw open the door, drew out a feather duster, waved it without using it, and said in deep, rumbling tones:

     "Step right in, suh; ain't a speck of dust in it - jus' got back from a funeral, suh."

     I inferred that on such gala occasions carriages were given an extra cleaning. I looked up and down the street and perceived that there was little choice among the vehicles for hire that lined the curb. I looked in my memorandum book for the address of Azalea Adair.

     "I want to go to 861 Jessamine Street," I said, and was about to step into the hack. But for an instant the thick, long, gorilla-like arm of the old Negro barred me. On his massive and saturnine face a look of sudden suspicion and enmity flashed for a moment. Then, with quickly returning conviction, he asked blandishingly: "What are you gwine there for, boss?"

     "What is it to you?" I asked, a little sharply.

     "Nothin', suh, jus' nothin'. Only it's a lonesome kind of part of town and few folks ever has business out there. Step right in. The seats is clean - jes' got back from a funeral, suh."

     A mile and a half it must have been to our journey's end. I could hear nothing but the fearful rattle of the ancient hack over the uneven brick paving; I could smell nothing but the drizzle, now further flavored with coal smoke and something like a mixture of tar and oleander blossoms. All I could see through the streaming windows were two rows of dim houses.

     The city has an area of 10 square miles; 181 miles of streets, of which 137 miles are paved; a system of waterworks that cost $2,000,000, with 77 miles of mains.

     Eight-sixty-one Jessamine Street was a decayed mansion. Thirty yards back from the street it stood, outmerged in a splendid grove of trees and untrimmed shrubbery. A row of box bushes overflowed and almost hid the paling fence from sight; the gate was kept closed by a rope noose that encircled the gate post and the first paling of the gate. But when you got inside you saw that 861 was a shell, a shadow, a ghost of former grandeur and excellence. But in the story, I have not yet got inside.

     When the hack had ceased from rattling and the weary quadrupeds came to a rest I handed my jehu his fifty cents with an additional quarter, feeling a glow of conscious generosity, as I did so. He refused it.

     "It's two dollars, suh," he said.

     "How's that?" I asked. "I plainly heard you call out at the hotel: 'Fifty cents to any part of the town.'"

     "It's two dollars, suh," he repeated obstinately. "It's a long ways from the hotel."

     "It is within the city limits and well within them." I argued. "Don't think that you have picked up a greenhorn Yankee. Do you see those hills over there?" I went on, pointing toward the east (I could not see them, myself, for the drizzle); "well, I was born and raised on their other side. You old fool nigger, can't you tell people from other people when you see 'em?"

     The grim face of King Cettiwayo softened. "Is you from the South, suh? I reckon it was them shoes of yourn fooled me. They is somethin' sharp in the toes for a Southern gen'lman to wear."

     "Then the charge is fifty cents, I suppose?" said I inexorably.

     His former expression, a mingling of cupidity and hostility, returned, remained ten seconds, and vanished.

     "Boss," he said, "fifty cents is right; but I needs two dollars, suh; I'm obleeged to have two dollars. I ain't demandin' it now, suh; after I know whar you's from; I'm jus' sayin' that I has to have two dollars to-night, and business mighty po'."

     Peace and confidence settled upon his heavy features. He had been luckier than he had hoped. Instead of having picked up a greenhorn, ignorant of rates, he had come upon an inheritance.

     "You confounded old rascal," I said, reaching down to my pocket, "you ought to be turned over to the police."

     For the first time I saw him smile. He knew; he knew. HE KNEW.

     I gave him two one-dollar bills. As I handed them over I noticed that one of them had seen parlous times. Its upper right-hand corner was missing, and it had been torn through the middle, but joined again. A strip of blue tissue paper, pasted over the split, preserved its negotiability.

     Enough of the African bandit for the present: I left him happy, lifted the rope and opened a creaky gate.

     The house, as I said, was a shell. A paint brush had not touched it in twenty years. I could not see why a strong wind should not have bowled it over like a house of cards until I looked again at the trees that hugged it close - the trees that saw the battle of Nashville and still drew their protecting branches around it against storm and enemy and cold.

     Azalea Adair, fifty years old, white-haired, a descendant of the cavaliers, as thin and frail as the house she lived in, robed in the cheapest and cleanest dress I ever saw, with an air as simple as a queen's, received me.

     The reception room seemed a mile square, because there was nothing in it except some rows of books, on unpainted white-pine bookshelves, a cracked marble-top table, a rag rug, a hairless horsehair sofa and two or three chairs. Yes, there was a picture on the wall, a colored crayon drawing of a cluster of pansies. I looked around for the portrait of Andrew Jackson and the pinecone hanging basket but they were not there.

     Azalea Adair and I had conversation, a little of which will be repeated to you. She was a product of the old South, gently nurtured in the sheltered life. Her learning was not broad, but was deep and of splendid originality in its somewhat narrow scope. She had been educated at home, and her knowledge of the world was derived from inference and by inspiration. Of such is the precious, small group of essayists made. Whle she talked to me I kept brushing my fingers, trying, unconsciously, to rid them guiltily of the absent dust from the half-calf backs of Lamb, Chaucer, Hazlitt, Marcus Aurelius, Montaigne and Hood. She was exquisite, she was a valuable discovery. Nearly everybody nowadays knows too much - oh, so much too much - of real life.

     I could perceive clearly that Azalea Adair was very poor. A house and a dress she had, not much else, I fancied. So, divided between my duty to the magazine and my loyalty to the poets and essayists who fought Thomas in the valley of the Cumberland, I listened to her voice, which was like a harpsichord's, and found that I could not speak of contracts. In the presence of the nine Muses and the three Graces one hesitated to lower the topic to two cents. There would have to be another colloquy after I had regained my commercialism. But I spoke of my mission, and three o'clock of the next afternoon was set for the discussion of the business proposition.

     "Your town," I said, as I began to make ready to depart (which is the time for smooth generalities), "seems to be a quiet, sedate place. A home town, I should say, where few things out of the ordinary ever happen."

     It carries on an extensive trade in stoves and hollow ware with the West and South, and its flouring mills have a daily capacity of more than 2,000 barrels.

     Azalea Adair seemed to reflect.

     "I have never thought of it that way," she said, with a kind of sincere intensity that seemed to belong to her. "Isn't it in the still, quiet places that things do happen? I fancy that when God began to create the earth on the first Monday morning one could have leaned out one's window and heard the drops of mud splashing from His trowel as He built up the everlasting hills. What did the noisiest project in the world - I mean the building of the Tower of Bable - result in finally? A page and a half of Esperanto in the North American Review."

     "Of course," said I platitudinously, "human nature is the same everywhere; but there is more color - er - more drama and movement and - er - romance in some cities than in others."

     "On the surface," said Azalea Adair. "I have traveled many times around the world in a golden airship wafted on two wings - print and dreams. I have seen (on one of my imaginary tours) the Sultan of Turkey bowstring with his own hands one of his wives who had uncovered her face in public. I have seen a man in Nashville tear up his theatre tickets because his wife was going out with her face covered - with rice powder. In San Francisco's Chinatown I saw the slave girl Sing Yee dipped slowly, inch by inch, in boiling almond oil to make her swear she would never see her American lover again. She gave in when the boiling oil had reached three inches above her knee. At a euchre party in East Nashville the other night I saw Kitty Morgan cut dead by seven of her schoolmates and lifelong friends because she had married a house painter. The boiling oil was sizzling as high as her heart; but I wish you could have seen the fine little smile that she carried from table to table. Oh, yes, it is a humdrum town. Just a few miles of red brick houses and mud and lumber yards."

     Some one knocked hollowly at the back of the house. Azalea Adair breathed a soft apology and went to investigate the sound. She came back in three minutes with brightened eyes, a faint flush on her cheeks, and ten years lifted from her shoulders.

     "You must have a cup of tea before you go," she said, "and a sugar cake."

     She reached and shook a little iron bell. In shuffled a small Negro girl about twelve, barefoot, not very tidy, glowering at me with thumb in mouth and bulging eyes.

     Azlea Adair opened a tiny, worn purse and drew out a dollar bill, a dollar bill with the upper right-hand corner missing, torn in two pieces, and pasted together again with a strip of blue tissue paper. It was one of the bills I had given the piratical Negro - there was no doubt about it.

     "Go up to Mr. Baker's store on the corner, Impy," she said, handing the girl the dollar bill, "and get a quarter of a pound of tea - the kind he always sends me - and ten cents worth of sugar cakes. Now, hurry. The supply of tea in the house happens to be exhausted," she explained to me.

     Impy left by the back way. Before the scrape of her hard, bare feet had died away on the back porch, a wild shriek - I was sure it was hers - filled the hollow house. Then the deep, gruff tones of an angry man's voice mingled with the girl's further squeals and unintelligible words.

     Azalea Adair rose without surprise or emotion and disappeared. For two minutes I heard the hoarse rumble of the man's voice; then someting like an oath and a slight scuffle, and she returned calmly to her chair.

     "This is a roomy house," she said, "and I have a tenant for part of it. I am sorry to have to rescind my invitation to tea. It was impossible to get the kind I always use at the store. Perhaps tomorrow, Mr. Baker will be able to supply me."

     I was sure that Impy had not had time to leave the house. I inquired concerning street-car lines and took my leave. After I was well on my way I remembered that I had not learned Azalea Adair's name. But to-morrow would do.

     That same day I started in on the course of iniquity that this uneventful city forced upon me. I was in the town only two days, but in that time I managed to lie shamelessly by telegraph, and to be an accomplice - after the fact, if that is the correct legal term - to a murder.

     As I rounded the corner nearest my hotel the Afrite coachman of the ploychromatic, nonpareil coat seized me, swung open the dungeony door of his peripatetic sarcophagus, flirted his feather duster and began his ritual: "Step right in, boss. Carriage is clean - jus' got back from a funeral. Fifty cents to any -"

     And then he knew me and grinned broadly. "'Scuse me, boss; you is de gen'l'man what rid out with me dis mawnin'. Thank you kindly, suh."

     "I am going out to 861 again to-morrow afternoon at three," said I, "and if you will be here, I'll let you drive me. So you know Miss Adair?" I concluded, thinking of my dollar bill.

     "I belonged to her father, Judge Adair, suh," he replied.

     "I judge that she is pretty poor," I said. "She hasn't much money to speak of, has she?"

     For an instant I looked again at the fierce countenance of King Cettiwayo, and then he changed back to an extortionate old Negro hack driver.

     "She ain't gwine to starve, suh," he said slowly. "She has reso'ces, suh; she has reso'ces."

     "I shall pay you fifty cents for the trip," said I.

     "Dat is puffeckly correct, suh," he answered humbly. "I jus' had to have dat two dollars dis mawnin', boss."

     I went to the hotel and lied by electricity. I wired the magazine: "A. Adair holds out for eight cents a word."

     The answer that came back was: "Give it to her quick you duffer."

     Just before dinner "Major" Wentworth Caswell bore down upon me with the greetings of a long-lost friend. I have seen few men whom I have so instantaneously hated, and of whom it was so difficult to be rid. I was standing at the bar when he invaded me; therefore I could not wave the white ribbon in his face. I would have paid gladly for the drinks, hoping, thereby, to escape another; but he was one of those despicable, roaring, advertising bibbers who must have brass bands and fireworks attend upon every cent that they waste in their follies.

     With an air of producing millions he drew two one-dollar bills from a pocket and dashed one of them upon the bar. I looked once more at the dollar bill with the upper right-hand corner missing, torn through the middle, and patched with a strip of blue tissue paper. It was my dollar bill again. It could have been no other.

     I went up to my room. The drizzle and the monotony of a dreary, eventless Southern town had made me tired and listless. I remember that just before I went to bed I mentally disposed of the mysterious dollar bill (which might have formed the clew to a tremendously fine detective story of San Francisco) by saying to myself sleepily: "Seems as if a lot of people here own stock in the Hack-Driver's Trust. Pays dividends promptly, too. Wonder if -" Then I fell asleep.

     King Cettiwayo was at his post the next day, and rattled my bones over the stones out to 861. He was to wait and rattle me back again when I was ready.

     Azalea Adair looked paler and cleaner and frailer than she had looked on the day before. After she had signed the contract at eight cents per word she grew still paler and began to slip out of her chair. Whitout much trouble I managed to get her up on the antediluvian horsehair sofa and then I ran out to the sidewalk and yelled to the coffee-colored Pirate to bring a doctor. With a wisdom that I had not expected in him, he abandoned his team and struck off up the street afoot, realizing the value of speed. In ten minutes he returned with a grave, gray-haired and capable man of medicine. In a few words (worth much less than eight cents each) I explained to him my presence in the hollow house of mystery. He bowed with stately understanding, and turned to the old Negro.

     "Uncle Caesar," he said calmly, "Run up to my house and ask Miss Lucy to give you a cream pitcher full of fresh milk and half a tumbler of port wine. And hurry back. Don't drive - run. I want you to get back sometime this week."

     It occurred to me that Dr. Merriman also felt a distrust as to the speeding powers of the land-pirate's steeds. After Uncle Caesar was gone, lumberingly, but swiftly, up the street, the doctor looked me over with great politeness and as much careful calculation until he had decided that I might do.

     "It is only a case of insufficient nutrition," he said. "In other words, the result of poverty, pride, and starvation. Mrs. Caswell has many devoted friends who would be glad to aid her, but she will accept nothing except from that old Negro, Uncle Caesar, who was once owned by her family."

     "Mrs. Caswell!" said I, in surprise. And then I looked at the contract and saw that she had signed it "Azalea Adair Caswell."

     "I thought she was Miss Adair," I said.

     "Married to a drunken, worthless loafer, sir," said the doctor. "It is said that he robs her even of the small sums that her old servant contributes toward her support."

     When the milk and wine had been brought the doctor soon revived Azalea Adair. She sat up and talked of the beauty of the autumn leaves that were then in season, and their height of color. She referred lightly to her fainting seizure as the outcome of an old palpitation of the heart. Impy fanned her as she lay on the sofa. The doctor was due elsewhere, and I followed him to the door. I told him that it was within my power and intentions to make a reasonable advance of money to Azalea Adair on future contributions to the magazine, and he seemed pleased.

     "By the way," he said, "perhaps you would like to know that you have had royalty for a coachman. Old Caesar's grandfather was a king in Congo. Caesar himself has royal ways, as you may have observed."

     As the doctor was moving off I heard Uncle Caesar's voice inside: "Did he get bofe of dem two dollars from you, Mis' Zalea?"

     "Yes, Caesar," I heard Azalea Adair answer weakly. And then I went in and concluded business negotiations with our contributor. I assumed the responsibility of advancing fifty dollars, putting it as a necessary formality in binding our bargain. And then Uncle Caesar drove me back to the hotel.

     Here ends all of the story as far as I can testify as a witness. The rest must be only bare statements of facts.

     At about six o'clock I went out for a stroll. Uncle Caesar was at his corner. He threw open the door of his carriage, flourished his duster and began his depressing formula: "Step right in, suh. Fifty cents to anywhere in the city - hack's puffickly clean, suh - - jus' got back from a funeral -"

     And then he recognized me. I think his eyesight was getting bad. His coat had taken on a few more faded shades of color, the twine strings were more frayed and ragged, the last remaining button - the button of yellow horn - was gone. A motley descendant of kings was Uncle Caesar!

     About two hours later I saw an excited crowd besieging the front of a drug store. In a desert where nothing happens this was manna; so I edged my way inside. On an extemporized couch of empty boxes and chairs was stretched the mortal corporeality of Major Wentworth Caswell. A doctor was testing him for the immortal ingredient. His decision was that it was conspicuous by its absence.

     The erstwhile Major had been found dead on a dark street and brought by curious and ennuied citizens to the drug store. The late human being had been engaged in terrific battle - the details showed that. Loafer and reprobate though he had been, he had been also a warrior. But he had lost. His hands were yet clinched so tightly that his fingers would not be opened. The gentle citizens who had know him stood about and searched their vocabularies to find some good words, if it were possible, to speak of him. One kind-looking man said, after much thought: "When 'Cas' was about fo'teen he was one of the best spellers in school."

     While I stood there the fingers of the right hand of "the man that was" which hung down the side of a white pine box, relaxed, and dropped something at my feet. I covered it with one foot quietly, and a little later on I picked it up and pocketed it. I reasoned that in his last struggle his hand must have seized that object unwittingly and held it in a death grip.

     At the hotel that night the main topic of conversation, with the possible exceptions of politics and prohibition, was the demise of Major Caswell. I heard one man say to a group of listeners:

     "In my opinion, gentlemen, Caswell was murdered by somme of these no-account niggers for his money. He had fifty dollars this afternoon which he showed to several gentlemen in the hotel. When he was found the money was not on his person."

     I left the city the next morning at nine, and as the train was crossing the bridge over the Cumberland River I took out of my pocket a yellow horn overcoat button the size of a fifty-cent piece, with frayed ends of coarse twine hanging from it, and cast it out of the window into the slow, muddy waters below.

     I wonder what's doing in Buffalo!

Fuente: http://www.eastoftheweb.com/short-stories/UBooks/MuniRepo.shtml
URL de la imagen: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Sydney_Porter_by_doubleday.jpg